The Curriculum And Curriculum For Excellence Essay

Early childhood education curriculums are becoming a national curriculum in most countries. With more governments and society thinking about education of under-fives we are seeing shifts in thinking and education to meet the changing world. We are developing children skills for the future to create a society where children feel they belong and can contribute to society. Curriculums are being influenced my social, political, cultural, historical and theoretical issues that are impacting different curriculums in the world. I am going to explore and develop my understanding about three different curriculums to recognise the different influences affecting curriculums. I am going to explore the curriculums of Te WhÄ riki: New Zealand, Belonging, Being and Becoming: The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia and Curriculum for Excellence: Scotland. This will allow me to develop an understanding of other curriculums which I have not heard about to discover other way to education t hat I have not been taught in teacher’s college. Te WhÄ riki- New Zealand In 1840 the MÄ ori chiefs and the English crown signed the Treaty of Waitangi which showed the dual heritage between the cultures and to develop a partnership to develop a shared future as we have today. This historical event has big impacts on Te WhÄ riki the way it was created with both MÄ ori and PÄ kehÄ  input to develop a curriculum that supports every child to develop as confident and competent learners. â€Å".. allShow MoreRelatedCurriculum For Excellence Essay774 Words   |  4 PagesThe Curriculum for Excellence describes eight curricular areas, three of which assign a responsibility to all teachers regardless of sector; namely Literacy, Numeracy, and Health and Wellbeing (HWB). Whereas some form of instruction in reading, writing and arithmetic has always been a feature of formal education, Health and Wellbeing is a relatively new addition to the school curriculum, both in Scotland and globally . In Scotland, a review of the Children’s Hearings System in 2004 led to the formationRead MoreThe s Curriculum For Excellence2544 Words   |  11 PagesCfE and the transition to Abertay: Sports contribution Abstract: Scotland’s Curriculum for Excellence (CfE) in schools has been acknowledge as the most significant change in teaching practice in many years (Reeves ). At the heart of the CfE lies the desire to develop four capacities within pupils to give individuals the necessary skills for work, life and learning. Abertay University’s curriculum is undergoing change designed to develop â€Å"Abertay attributes† in their graduates. Central to bothRead MoreThe Curriculum For Excellence And Education1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe Curriculum for Excellence, introduced in 2014, aims to transform education in Scotland for ages 3-18. It intends to progress the standards of education and learning in the country by moving away from more traditional methods of teaching. This strategy, developed by the Scottish Government, recognises that learning is a lifelong process, beginning at birth, and therefore it is important to employ methods which prepare children from a young age for a li fe of work. In order to do so, the curriculumRead MoreAchieving Academic Excellence : The University Of Phoenix Foundation For Success Curriculum1543 Words   |  7 Pageswould have understood that time could be set-aside for further learning purposes. â€Å"Shoot! You could have fooled me.† However, the University of Phoenix foundation for success curriculum supplied me with a ton of knowledge for my continued journey throughout my instructional and professional venture. Achieving academic excellence involves activities that require a person to set educational and career goals, practice practical ethical decisions and critical thinking skills. Utilizing the available resourcesRead MoreThe Hobbits Curriculum698 Words   |  3 Pagesremembered for a lifetime and through incorporating an outdoor environment with learning goals provides depth in a curriculum which could be difficult to implement with an indoor environment (The Scottish Government, 2010). The Little Hobbits cu rriculum is as an outdoor curriculum catering for Kindergarten age group of 4-5. Rationale The Little Hobbits Curriculum is an outdoor curriculum that allows children the opportunity to experience the outdoors first hand, allowing the children to be lifelongRead MoreAnalysis Of Coastal Middle School987 Words   |  4 Pageswhile the Georgia average is 35.5%† (Niche, 2017). Of all the passing rates and ranking numbers, this school seems to be doing very well. There are so many great aspects of Coastal Middle School. A model school is the idea of excellence. Coastal Middle school represents excellence in education (Model Schools, 2017). This school is very diverse, and has succeeded because it has met the needs of students from a diverse range of backgrounds. Coastal Middle School teaches a range of different students fromRead MoreScience Education And Knowledge Of Science921 Words   |  4 PagesScience Education and Knowledge Despite the distinction being made between the arts and the sciences in the curriculum appearing definite, there are a number of aspects of Science education in primary education which make it more similar than different to music education. The first aspect which provides a link between science and music is the idea of exploration and discovery through science. Contrary to the beliefs of many, science is not only about discovering â€Å"truths† as there are no scientificRead MoreHigh Impact Practices For Schools921 Words   |  4 Pagesquestions aroused in regards to, what to, when to, and how to continuously improve. In 2008, School Keys- Unlocking Excellence through the Georgia School Standards was created as a â€Å"descriptor of effective, high impact practices for schools throughout Georgia to describe what schools need to know, understand and be able to do, in similar fashion to the Georgia Performance Standards curriculum for students.† Meaning that this documen t outlines the guidelines teachers should consider in correlations to theRead MoreOur School Vision States And Identifies What Type Of School We Hope1170 Words   |  5 Pagescommunity where all members of our school community are given the opportunity to share in a living relationship with God. As such, we seek to create a culture of learning excellence in partnership with our students, their family, and the wider communities to which our school belongs. To create a culture of learning excellence where: †¢ Different learning styles are understood and respected. †¢ A desire for life-long learning is generated. †¢ Knowledge, ideas, imagination and creativity are valued.Read MoreImproving The American School System1020 Words   |  5 Pagesand aspiration to advance. The oppressive ambience of American schools stifles, intimidates and destroys students and turns them into the mouthpiece of one voice, that of schools, the pervasive corporations and the government. Funding is limited, curriculum creativity-smothering, and teachers oppressive. These problems, if left unattended, are hindering America from greater progress and a greater height that she used to enjoy academically, scientifically or culturally. Thus, in order to change the

The Effect Of Pair Of Stone Wales Defects On The...

Molecular Dynamics Based Investigation to Study the Effect of Pair of Stone-Thrower-Wales Defects on the Mechanical Response and Failure Morphology of Graphene G. Rajasekaran, Rajesh Kumar and Avinash Parashar Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee - 247667, India ABSTRACT Structural defects are inevitable in graphene due to its production techniques as well as chemical and heat treatment processes. These defects in graphene are introduced either during the production process or deliberately by us to tailor its properties. In this article, the effect of nearest neighbour distance and angular orientation between Stone-Thrower-Wales defects (STW-2) on the mechanical properties and failure morphology of graphene was investigated in the frame of molecular dynamics. Mechanical properties and failure morphology of graphene was predicted to be the function of angular orientation between STW-2 defects, when the nearest neighbour distance was in the range of 10 Ã…. Graphene sheet containing pair of STW-2 defects had shown an overall increase of 8% and 11% in fracture strength and strain respectively as compared to graphene with single STW-2 defect. This study also characterised the failure morphology of graphene sheet with single and pair of STW-2 defects in the armchair direction. Keywords: Graphene, Stone-Thrower-Wales defect, nearest neighbour distance, angular orientation, mechanical properties, Young’s modulus andShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Point And Line Defects On The Properties Of Graphene9719 Words   |  39 PagesEffect of Point and Line Defects on the Properties of Graphene: A Review Rajasekaran G, Prarthana Narayanan and Avinash Parashar* Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee - 247667, India * Corresponding author: E-Mail: drap1fme@iitr.ac.in, Ph: +91-1332-284801 ABSTRACT New materials with distinctive properties are arising and attracting the scientific community at regular intervals. Stiffness and strength are the important factors in determining

Essay Antigone - 879 Words

Antigone2 Antigone herself represents the highest ideals of human life -- courage and respect for the gods. In the mythical story Antigone, Antigone first demonstrates feminist logic when she chooses to challenge a powerful male establishment. This establishment is personified by her uncle Creon, who is newly crowned as the King of Thebes, and it is usually challenged by whole city-state. She believed that the law of the gods (to give proper burial rights to every dead body) was more important than the law of the King. Creon became angry that a woman questioned his sovereignty and commanded her to death even though she was the daughter of Jocasta, his sister. The bold, tradition-braking character of Antigone†¦show more content†¦Imagine it: I caught her naked rebellion, the traitor, the only one in the whole city. Im not about to prove myself a liar, not to my people, no, Im going to kill her!. Creon believes that if he does not follow through on his word the people of Thebes will not respect his authority as king. In determination to gain respect from the people from Thebes, Creon decides to take Antigones life, which ironically leads to his demise. Creon refuses to compromise or humble himself before others especially women, he states better if it must happen, that a / should overset me. He stubbornly refuses other characters the right to express opinions different from his own. Creon abuses his power to force others to accept his point of view. This extreme male dominance conflicts head-on with Antigones bold unwomanly challenge to Creons authority. Antigone does not give Creon additional respect either because he is a man in a patriarchal society or because he is king. In such way, she argues an equality of the sexes, as well as equality under God. Unlike her sister, Ismene refuses to challenge the male authority, even if it means to not fulfill her duties as a sister. Ismene states: we must remember that we are two women / so not to fight with men. / And that since we are subject to strong power / weShow MoreRelatedAntigone By Sophocles Antigone1525 Words   |  7 Pagesnothing that the gods demand† (1349-1350). Sophocles’ Antigone takes place in a trying time for the city of Thebes, when Oedipus, their king, and most of the royal family have died, and Creon has just been appointed the new king. Throughout the play, Creon tries on his power as the new ruler, and seems to believe that the gods will not be angry with some of his choices as king, even though they directly violate the divine law. However, in Antigone, when there is a conflict between the divine law andRead Moreantigo ne987 Words   |  4 Pageshamartia and lastly they need to realize their mistakes and accept their consequences. In Antigone, there are two main characters that fit the criteria of a tragic hero, but only the protagonist, Antigone meets all of the conditions. Antigone meets the second requirement of a tragic heroine, by fulfilling the criteria of being neither entirely good nor completely bad. In the opening of the play, Antigone asks her sister, Ismene to help her give Polynieces a proper burial but Ismene disagrees becauseRead MoreThe Choices Of Antigone And Sophocles Antigone1560 Words   |  7 Pagesthat Antigone and Creon face in Sophocles’ Antigone differ, their decisions often end up pitted against each other’s, inviting comparison. Since I am juxtaposing the characters’ degrees of rightness, I believe that the rightness of the reasoning, not just their ultimate stances, should be examined. The entirety of his or her argument, not just the conclusion, must be taken into account. I’ll also note that my perspective of rightness could and does conflict with that of the gods in Antigone and SophoclesRead MoreCharacterization of Antigone in Sophocles Antigone2448 Words   |  10 PagesSophocles’ tra gic drama, Antigone, presents to the reader a full range of characters: static and dynamic, flat and round; they are portrayed mostly through the showing technique. In â€Å"Sophocles’ Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone,† Charles Paul Segal takes the stand that there are two protagonists in the drama (which conflicts with this reader’s interpretation): This is not to say that there are not conceptual issues involved in the characters of Creon and Antigone. But the issues areRead MoreAntigone Summary771 Words   |  4 Pagesunburied to rot. Antigone was dejected with Creon’s ruling and decided to bury Polynices herself. She tried to enlist Ismene to help her, but Ismene was to afraid. Antigone furiously continued with the plan on her own. A sentry discovered Antigone and brought her to Creon. Ismene was also brought to Creon and confessed that she had helped Antigone with the burial rites of Polynices. Antigone stopped Ismene and told her not to admit to an act that she had not committed. Antigone took sole responsibilityRead MoreAntigone2454 Words   |  10 PagesAntigone– The Characterization Sophocles’ tragic drama, Antigone, presents to the reader a full range of characters: static and dynamic, flat and round; they are portrayed mostly through the showing technique. In â€Å"Sophocles’ Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone,† Charles Paul Segal takes the stand that there are two protagonists in the drama (which conflicts with this reader’s interpretation): This is not to say that there are not conceptual issuesRead More Antigone Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone Essay In any story or piece of literature, there will always be the main characters to fill the pages with incessant adventure. The characters whose names appear on almost every page and the characters whose actions the story revolves around. However, a story will also always have its minor characters. These are the characters that contribute heavily to the plot, yet arent mentioned quite as often and are underestimated regarding their importance in the story. In the Greek masterpieceRead More Antigone Essay3001 Words   |  13 PagesSUBJECT Antigone is a play about a woman who disobeyed the Kings order to not bury her brother. The play was written by the famous Greek tragedian, Sophocles, in 441 B.C. The story took place in the city of Thebes and the time period is not mentioned. The main characters introduced in the play are of Antigone, Ismene, Creon, and Haemon. The primary focus was centered on Antigone and the consequences she faces after breaking the Kings orders. In the beginning, the author introduced Antigone and herRead MoreEssay on Antigone1426 Words   |  6 Pagesimprudent judgments will ultimately suffer from the consequences of their actions. In Sophocles Antigone, these prejudices notably surface in the form of paternalism as demonstrated through Creons government, highlighting the importance of gender roles throughout the play. Therefore, analyzing the motif of gender roles and its effect on the definition of justice through the perspectives of Ismene, Antigone, and Creon enables the audience to understand how Sophocles macroscopic analogy to humanitysRead MoreAntigone by Sophocles622 Words   |  3 PagesIn the playwright Antigone by Sophocles, the characters reveal their values while exposing a life lessons through their actions, dialogue, thoughts ,and effects on others. Antigone starts with two brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, being killed at battle. Creon, the king of Thebes, declares that Eteocles’ death will be h onored and Polyneices’ dishonored. He instead will lay unburied to become the food of animals. When the play opens, Antigone takes Ismene, Antigone and Ismene are sisters of the dead

Imagery in Night free essay sample

In the novel Night by Elie Wiesel, it is nineteen forty-four and nearing the end of World War 2. Eliezer, a young Jewish boy living in Sighet, Transylvania, is captured by Nazi soldiers and is shipped of to the notorious death camps. Eliezer, along with his family and the rest of the Jewish community, undergoes extreme trials of pain and suffering. Despair eventually becomes a common feeling and theme in the book and the images portrayed in the novel are the cause of it; Eliezer’s exposure to them changes him physically and mentally. The images of despair within the concentration camps physically change everyone who is exposed to them, including Eliezer. As the story continues the concentration camps introduce newfound horrors. From murder to relentless torture, the images are graphic and grotesque. In one instance Eliezer witnesses the burning of newborn babies, â€Å"A truck drew close and unloaded its hold: small children. We will write a custom essay sample on Imagery in Night or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Babies! Yes, I did see this, with my own eyes†¦ children thrown into the flames†(32). These experiences drive the Jewish prisoners to the point of exhaustion. Eliezer is physically tormented through the backbreaking work and various other things. In one instance Eliezer is called to receive a lashing, â€Å" I no longer felt anything except the lashes of the whip. ‘One! . . . Two! . . .’ he was counting†(57). He willing lets himself become physically tormented and his experiences with pain cause him to feel despair. He also explains the effect of these events, he says, â€Å"At last, the morning star appeared in the gray sky. A trail of indeterminate light showed on the horizon. We were exhausted. We were without strength, without illusions†. He shows how everyone is shattered from the their time in the concentration camp. That they have no strength and are overall physically broken from their time spent in the camps. Not just overall willpower is affected but appearance as well. Towards the end of the book Eliezer says â€Å" I had not seen myself since the ghetto. From the depths of the mirror, a corpse gazed back at me. The look in his eyes, as they stared into mine, has never left me†(115). The time at the concentration camps and the images of death and despair have turned Eliezer into a shell of his former self. He is physically like a â€Å"corpse†, bearing no resemblance to himself prior to his exposure to despair. Despair has not only a physically effects on the people but heavy mental effects as well. The disturbing images of misery and hopelessness affect everyone; one example of this is a scene where Eliezer witnesses a lynching of a small boy. He says, â€Å" There was a young boy, a pipel, as they were called. This one had a delicate and beautiful face- an incredible sight in this camp†¦ But the third rope was still moving: the child, too light, was still breathing Behind me, I heard the same man asking ‘For Gods sake, where is God? ’ and from within me, I heard a voice answer ‘Where He is? This is wherehanging here from this gallows ’†(63, 65). The pipel boy was hung in this scene and it shows how Eliezer is starting to or already has given up hope. His faith in God is dwindling by the day, as he is constantly forced to watch the horrible acts before him bringing about a theme of helplessness and despair that changes his mental state. Another instance of this is when a man talking to Eliezer says I have more faith in Hitler than in anyone else. He alone has kept his promises, all his promises, to the Jewish people†(78). Because of despair, everyone around him is giving up hope and accepting their fate. They abandon their hope and accept what is happening and what will happen. After Eliezer’s time in the camps, he returns a broken and bleak person. His will has been broken and the images of despair he has experienced will remain with him for the rest of his life. Despair is a very powerful emotion and can be caused and shown by imagery. Despair can destroy a persons pride and willpower and this is what happens to Eliezer throughout the novel.

Language World view and Beliefs Essay Example For Students

Language World view and Beliefs Essay For instance, you might greet one of your aunts with the name , which effectively means fathers older sister, or you might call another aunt which means fathers younger sister. Paternal and maternal grandparents are each named differently aswell. There is a distinction between your fathers father and your mothers father . In addition, you would usually identify your siblings with different names depending on if they are older ( )or younger ( ) than you. This makes each family member more important, in the sense that there is emphasis on how everybody relates to each other. Everybody has a sense of identity and place within the family. We will write a custom essay on Language World view and Beliefs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A second point relating to relational titles is that every time I greet my paternal grandfather, it would be more polite to greet him with (paternal grandfather)! , rather than the western hello! greeting. Many children will refer to their elders with these names, as a sign of respect to those who are older, but it is rarely used the other way around. My grandfather would therefore call me by my given name. It is evident that there is much emphasis on the family culture in China, which can be seen through the use of relational titles, which does not seem to be present in western culture. Additionally, there is emphasis in Chinese culture to speak respectfully to ones elders, as can be seen by the fact that younger people use these towards their aunts, uncles and grandparents, but not vice versa. These examples illustrate the linguistic relativity theory in terms of the use of lexis. Jandt (2009) states that you can assume that if a language has a particularly rich vocabulary for a thing or activity in comparison to other languages, that thing or activity is important in that culture. This appears to be true in the case of the Chinese culture the vocabulary for different family members is extensive. Language and the Ghanaian Culture Mom A common saying in Ghana is it takes a village to raise a child. Many Ghanaian women will act like mothers towards their childrens friends. This is reflected in their language, as it is usual for children or young adults to call their friends mothers mom. The difference between the Ghanaian culture and the Canadian culture was noticeable for Macrina when she moved to Canada. She still thinks of her friends mothers as moms, but tries to refrain from using the word mom with them even though that has been a large part of her world view and culture. This example shows that the way you address someone from one culture can influence your perception of people you interact with in a different culture. Following on from that idea, a friends mother who she mistakenly called mom really loved it, and wants Macrina to carry on with it as a result, she treats her like her own daughter, for example giving her money and taking care of her as a mother normally would. In the framework of linguistic relativity, perhaps her friends mothers perceptions and attitudes were affected by Macrinas use of the word mom. She may not have treated her like a daughter if Macrina didnt initially start using that word. This coincides with the idea of linguistic relativity how thoughts, perceptions and beliefs are affected by the way language is used. Language and the Pirahi Culture In many (especially Western) societies, time is seen as a commodity. Language is used to describe time as being spent and wasted. You can buy time, borrow time (e.g. can I borrow a minute of your time? ), give time (e. g. give me one second), take time out of your day, make time for meetings, and so on. In contrast, the concept of time is nonexistent in the Pirahi language. Linguists such as Dan Everett have attempted to teach tribes in the Pirahi villages of Brazil how to read and write (Everett, 2009), but his attempts have generally been unsuccessful. Consequently, the Pirahi do not have a numerical or letter system to calculate or represent time. They do not think of time, and they are always living in the present moment. .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 , .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .postImageUrl , .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 , .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:hover , .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:visited , .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:active { border:0!important; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:active , .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Book Review (Betrayal of Work) EssayThey do not tell stories in their culture or refer to any events in the past or future. They only communicate through humming and whistling. This could be related to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, because if the concept of time cannot be understood through language, then perhaps the language determines or limits whether or not the Pirahi can even conceive of such a concept. Pejorative language in the Pirahi language When Dan Everett eventually learnt the basics of the Pirahi language, he invited a news reporter to visit the village. Upon arrival, Everett communicated to the head of the tribe that the news reporter would be staying a short while in the village. The people responded with Xai i hi goi kaisigi aihi xapagi iso. Everett turned to the reporter and said they want to know what youre called in crooked head. The Pirahi use the term crooked head to refer to any language other than their own, and it is a pejorative or derogatory phrase. This clearly indicates what their world view and beliefs are: languages other than their own are inferior (source: Colapinto, 2007). In conclusion, it is clear that there is a strong relationship between language, world view and beliefs. These examples have illustrated how language is used across Western, Chinese, Ghanaian and Pirahi cultures, and cover various issues such as abortion, family relations, the concept of time, and derogatory language. In addition, I have presented these within the framework of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. References Armstrong N. , Translation, Linguistics, Culture: A French-English Handbook by Nigel Armstrong (May 17 2005) Everett D., Dont Sleep, There Are Snakes: Life and Language in the Amazonian Jungle (Nov 3 2009) Jandt F. E. , An Introduction to Intercultural Communication: Identities in a Global Community, (Jun 30 2009) Montgomery, M. An Introduction to Language and Society, Routledge 3rd Edition (2008) Wardhaugh, R. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, Wiley-Blackwell; 6 edition (Oct 2 2009) Wilson A. , Keil F. C. , The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS) (Sep 1 2001) Susan Dominus 2010 http://www. nytimes. com/2010/10/12/nyregion/12bigcity. html http://www. newyorker. com/reporting/2007/04/16/070416fa_fact_colapinto.